LA BANCA
Banco: es una empresa financiera que se encarga de captar recursos en la forma
de depósitos, y prestar dinero, así como la prestación de servicios financieros. La banca, o el sistema bancario, es el conjunto de entidades o instituciones que, dentro de una economía determinada, prestan el servicio de banco.
Dentro del sistema bancario podemos distinguir entre banca pública y
banca privada que, a su vez, puede ser comercial, industrial o de
negocios y mixta.
La banca privada comercial se ocupa sobre todo de
facilitar créditos a individuos privados. La industrial o de negocios
invierte sus activos en empresas industriales, adquiriéndolas y
dirigiéndolas. La banca privada mixta combina ambos tipos de
actividades. En el siglo XIX fueron muy comunes los bancos industriales,
aunque éstos han ido perdiendo fuerza a lo largo del siglo XX en favor
de la banca mixta. Dentro de la banca pública debemos destacar, en
primer lugar, el banco emisor o banco central, que tiene el monopolio de
emisión de dinero y suele pertenecer al Estado.
El Sistema Bancario es el conjunto de instituciones que permiten el desarrollo detodas aquellas transacciones entre personas, empresas y organizaciones que impliquenel uso de dinero; se clasifican en públicas y privadas. Estas instituciones recibendepósitos en dinero, otorgan créditos y prestan otros servicios. Tratan de cubrir todas lasnecesidades financieras de la economía de un país. Muchas de la funciones de los bancos, como la de guardar fondos, prestar dinero y garantizar préstamos, así como elcambio de monedas, pueden rastrearse hasta la antigüedad.
El sistema bancario es elmecanismo social para facilitar el flujo de dinero entre quienes desean invertir y notienen suficiente dinero para ello, y quienes tienen dinero ocioso y lo guardan. Losinversionistas solicitan los créditos al banco, el cual los otorga del dinero de losdepositantes. Esto es lo que se denomina "intermediación financiera.La importancia de los mercados para la construcción de un sistema económicoque no sólo fomente el crecimiento sino también el desarrollo está condicionada a laeficiencia en el desempeño conjunto del sistema financiero en general y de la banca en particular. Es decir, en economías en desarrollo como la Venezolana, la función de la banca no sólo es la de ajustar el comportamiento del ahorro y de la inversión la defacilitar los pagos e intercambios del sistema económico, sino influyen de modoimportante en el desarrollo empresarial y su dinámica competitiva, así como en los patrones de crecimiento y comercio.
Es por ello para obtener un equilibrio entre la banca y el desarrollo económico del país, debido a una que si no se controladependencia económica q tienen las distintas empresas y sectores económicos del paíscon el Sistema Financiero Venezolano, pudiéramos llegar provocar un estancamiento enel desarrollo del país, ya que gran parte de lo obtenga, por ejemplo, una empresa por concepto de producción debe ser destinado al pago de las obligaciones contraídas conlas instituciones financieras.
El principal papel de un banco consiste en guardar fondos ajenos en
forma de depósitos, así como el de proporcionar cajas de seguridad,
operaciones denominadas de pasivo. Por la salvaguarda de estos fondos,
los bancos cobran una serie de comisiones, que también se aplican a los
distintos servicios que los bancos modernos ofrecen a sus clientes en un
marco cada vez más competitivo: tarjetas de crédito, posibilidad de
descubierto, banco telefónico, entre otros. Sin embargo, puesto que el
banco puede disponer del ahorro del depositante, remunera a este último
mediante el pago de un interés.
Podemos distinguir varios tipos de
depósitos.
- En primer lugar, los depósitos pueden materializarse en las denominadas cuentas corrientes: el cliente cede al banco unas determinadas cantidades para que éste las guarde, pudiendo disponer de ellas en cualquier momento. Tiempo atrás, hasta adquirir carácter histórico, este tipo de depósitos no estaban remunerados, pero la creciente competencia entre bancos ha hecho que esta tendencia haya cambiado de forma drástica en todos los países occidentales.
- En segundo lugar, los bancos ofrecen cuentas de ahorro, que también son depósitos a la vista, es decir, que se puede disponer de ellos en cualquier momento. Los depósitos y reintegros se realizan y quedan registrados a través de una cartilla de ahorro, que tiene carácter de documento financiero. La disponibilidad de este tipo de depósitos es menor que la de las cuentas corrientes puesto que obligan a recurrir a la entidad bancaria para disponer de los fondos, mientras que las cuentas corrientes permiten la disposición de fondos mediante la utilización de cheques y tarjetas de crédito.
- En tercer lugar hay que mencionar las denominadas cuentas a plazo fijo, en las que no existe una libre disposición de fondos, sino que éstos se recuperan a la fecha de vencimiento aunque, en la práctica, se puede disponer de estos fondos antes de la fecha prefijada, pero con una penalización (la remuneración del fondo es menor que en el caso de esperar a la fecha de vencimiento).
- En cuarto lugar, existen los denominados certificados de depósito, instrumentos financieros muy parecidos a los depósitos o cuentas a plazo fijo; la principal diferencia viene dada por cómo se documentan. Los certificados se realizan a través de un documento escrito intercambiable, es decir, cuya propiedad se puede transferir.
- Por último, dentro de los distintos tipos de depósitos, los depósitos de ahorro vinculado son cuentas remuneradas relacionadas con operaciones bancarias de activo (es el caso de una cuenta vivienda: las cantidades depositadas deben utilizarse para un fin concreto, como es el caso de la adquisición de vivienda en nuestro ejemplo).
Los bancos, con
estos fondos depositados, conceden préstamos y créditos a otros
clientes, cobrando a cambio de estas operaciones (denominadas de activo)
otros tipos de interés. Estos préstamos pueden ser personales,
hipotecarios o comerciales. La diferencia entre los intereses cobrados y
los intereses pagados constituye la principal fuente de ingresos de los
bancos.
Por último, los bancos también ofrecen servicios de
cambio de divisas, permitiendo que sus clientes compren unidades
monetarias de otros países.
El sistema bancario de Venezuela se caracteriza por estar dominado por la banca privada nacional que para enero de 2007 cubría el 58,4% de los activos totales del mercado, mientras que la banca extranjera ocupaba el 30,4%
y el resto estaba en manos del Estado (11,2%). Con los diversos cambios
experimentados tras algunas fusiones y liquidaciones de entidades
financieras en Venezuela a finales de 2009, la banca privada se abroga 54,8% de la cuota del mercado (abril 2010); le sigue la banca pública o estatal con 31,91%; y la banca de capital foráneo, 13,29%. Existen 40 instituciones financieras; de ellas, 27 son bancos comerciales (Banca Comercial y Banca Universal) y otras 13 están dedicadas a la banca especializada. El sector emplea cerca de 79.110 personas (2009) y cuenta con más de 3.883 agencias u oficinas. Los principales bancos para 2011 son Banco de Venezuela, Banesco, Banco Mercantil, BBVA Banco Provincial, Bicentenario Banco Universal y el Banco Occidental de Descuento, entre otros.
Los bancos nacionales son bancos que
usted puede encontrar dondequiera dentro de los Estados Unidos. Los
bancos nacionales principales son muy grandes y ofrecen un número de
servicios extenso para el individuo. Hay muchas ventajas en hacer
negocios con un banco nacional. Bancos nacionales ofrecen cada servicio
que usted pueda pensar, de cuentas de ahorros básicos a hipotecas. Si
hay un servicio financiero que usted necesita, estos bancos pueden
proporcionarlo para usted. Los bancos utilizan su tamaño para el
leverage de sus costos, significando que usted puede encontrar a menudo
grandes tipos de interés o los honorarios más bajos en estos bancos. Los
bancos nacionales son también convenientes, porque tienen muchas
localizaciones de ATM a través del país. Si usted viaja mucho o vive en
una ciudad grande, un banco nacional es una buena opción debido a su
ramificación y redes de ATM.
Sin embargo, los bancos nacionales no
son para todo el mundo. Son normalmente compañías públicas; Puesto que
tienen acciónes, tienen accionistas que exijen ver resultados
financieros positivos en la forma de dividendos. Como los bancos tienen
que pagar dividendos, tienen que cerciorarse de que no comiten errores
con los préstamos, porque los malos préstamos comen los beneficios del
banco. Consecuentemente, puede ser difícil conseguir un préstamo o una
hipoteca en uno de estos bancos comparado con un banco de comunidad.
THE BANK
Bank: it is a financial company who is responsible for attracting resources in the form of deposits and lend money, as well as the provision of financial services. The Bank or the banking system, is the set of entities or institutions within a given economy, providing the service of Bank.
Within the banking system can distinguish between public and private banking which, in turn, can be commercial, industrial or business and mixed.
Commercial private banking deals above all provide credits to private individuals. The industrial or business invests its assets in industrial enterprises, acquiring them and directing them. Mixed private banking combines both types of activities. In the 19th century were very common industrial banks, although they have been losing strength in the 20th century for joint banking. Within the public banks we should point out, firstly, the issuing bank or central bank, which has the monopoly on issuance of money and usually belong to the State.
The banking system is the set of institutions that allow the development detodas those transactions between people, businesses and organizations to impliquenel use of money; they are classified into public and private. These institutions recibendepósitos in money, grant loans and providing other services. They try to cover all financial needs of a country's economy. Many of the functions of banks, such as save funds, lending money and guarantee loans, as well as elcambio of coins can be traced back to antiquity.
The banking system is social elmecanismo to facilitate the flow of money among those who wish to invest and notienen enough money to do so, and who have idle money saved it. Losinversionistas the provision to the Bank, which gives them the money of losdepositantes. This is what is called "financial intermediation".The importance of markets for the construction of an económicoque system encourages not only growth but also development is conditional on laeficiencia in the joint performance of the overall financial system and banking in particular. I.e., in development as the Venezuelan economies, the role of banking is not only the adjusted saving and investment behaviour the defacilitar payments and exchanges in the economic system, but influence of modoimportante business development and competitive dynamics, as well as the patterns of growth and trade.
It is therefore to obtain a balance between the banking and economic development of the country, because if no is q economic controladependencia have the different companies and economic sectors of the Venezuelan financial system paíscon, could get cause stagnation inthe development of the country, since much of obtained it, for example, a company by concept of production should be earmarked for the payment of obligations place financial institutions.
The main role of a bank is to keep funds outside in the form of deposits, as well as provide safes, so-called passive operations. For the safeguarding of these funds, the banks charge a number of commissions, which also apply to the various services offered by modern banks to their customers in an increasingly competitive context: credit cards, overdraft possibility, phone bank, among others. However, given that the Bank can have savings of the depositor, it paid to the latter through the payment of interest.
We can distinguish several types of deposits.
First of all, deposits can materialize in the so-called current accounts: client gives the Bank certain quantities so it save them, having all of them at any time. Long ago, until acquiring a historical nature, this type of deposits were not paid, but increasing competition among banks has done that this trend has changed dramatically in all Western countries.
Secondly, banks offer savings accounts, which are also sight deposits, i.e. which can dispose of at any time. Deposits and withdrawals are carried out and are registered through a booklet of savings, which has financial document. The availability of this type of deposit is less than the accounts as are forced to resort to the Bank to dispose of the funds, while current accounts allow the provision of funds through the use of cheques and credit cards.
Thirdly we must mention the so-called accounts to fixed-term, in which there is a free disposal of funds, but that they recovered to the expiration date, in practice, is available in these funds before the fixed date, but with a penalty (the remuneration of the Fund is lower than if you wait for the expiration date).
Fourthly, there are the so-called certificates of deposit, financial instruments very similar to deposits or fixed-term accounts; the main difference is given by how it is documented. Certificates are made through a written document interchangeable, i.e. whose ownership is transferable.
Finally, among the different types of deposits, linked savings deposits are paid accounts banking operations of asset-related (is the case of a property account: deposited amounts should be used for a particular purpose, as it is the case of the acquisition of housing in our example).
Banks, with these deposited funds, granted loans and credits to other clients, charging for these operations (so-called active) other interest rates. These loans can be personal, mortgage or business. The difference between the charged interests and interest paid is the main source of income for banks.
Finally, the banks also offer currency exchange, allowing customers to buy currency units from other countries.
The banking system of Venezuela is characterized by being dominated by the private national banking for January 2007 covering 58.4% of the total assets of the market, while foreign banks was 30.4% and the rest was in the hands of the State (11.2%). With various changes after some mergers and liquidations of financial entities in Venezuela at the end of 2009, private banking abrogates 54.8% of the market share (April 2010); It is followed by the public or state banking 31,91%; and the Bank of foreign capital, 13,29%. There are 40 financial institutions; of these, 27 are commercial banks (commercial banking and banking Universal) and 13 others are devoted to specialized banking. The sector employs close to 79.110 people (2009) and employs more than 3,883 agencies or offices. The major banks for 2011 are Venezuela Bank Banesco, Banco Mercantil, BBVA Banco Provincial, bicentennial Bank Universal and the discount West Bank, among others.
National banks are banks that you can find anywhere within the United States. Major national banks are very large and offer an extensive number of services for the individual. There are many advantages in doing business with a National Bank. National banks offer every service you can think of basic savings to mortgages accounts. If there is a financial service you need, these banks can provide it for you. Banks use their size to the leverage of its costs, meaning that you can often find great interest rates or lower fees in these banks. National banks are also suitable, because they have many ATM locations across the country. If you travel a lot or live in a big city, a National Bank is a good choice due to its branching and ATM networks.
However, domestic banks are not for everyone. They are usually public companies; Since they have actions, they have shareholders who exijen see financial results in the form of dividends. As banks have to pay dividends, they have to make sure that it not comiten errors with loans, because the bad loans eating the benefits of the Bank. As a result, it may be difficult to get a loan or a mortgage in one of these banks compared with a Community Bank.
Within the banking system can distinguish between public and private banking which, in turn, can be commercial, industrial or business and mixed.
Commercial private banking deals above all provide credits to private individuals. The industrial or business invests its assets in industrial enterprises, acquiring them and directing them. Mixed private banking combines both types of activities. In the 19th century were very common industrial banks, although they have been losing strength in the 20th century for joint banking. Within the public banks we should point out, firstly, the issuing bank or central bank, which has the monopoly on issuance of money and usually belong to the State.
The banking system is the set of institutions that allow the development detodas those transactions between people, businesses and organizations to impliquenel use of money; they are classified into public and private. These institutions recibendepósitos in money, grant loans and providing other services. They try to cover all financial needs of a country's economy. Many of the functions of banks, such as save funds, lending money and guarantee loans, as well as elcambio of coins can be traced back to antiquity.
The banking system is social elmecanismo to facilitate the flow of money among those who wish to invest and notienen enough money to do so, and who have idle money saved it. Losinversionistas the provision to the Bank, which gives them the money of losdepositantes. This is what is called "financial intermediation".The importance of markets for the construction of an económicoque system encourages not only growth but also development is conditional on laeficiencia in the joint performance of the overall financial system and banking in particular. I.e., in development as the Venezuelan economies, the role of banking is not only the adjusted saving and investment behaviour the defacilitar payments and exchanges in the economic system, but influence of modoimportante business development and competitive dynamics, as well as the patterns of growth and trade.
It is therefore to obtain a balance between the banking and economic development of the country, because if no is q economic controladependencia have the different companies and economic sectors of the Venezuelan financial system paíscon, could get cause stagnation inthe development of the country, since much of obtained it, for example, a company by concept of production should be earmarked for the payment of obligations place financial institutions.
The main role of a bank is to keep funds outside in the form of deposits, as well as provide safes, so-called passive operations. For the safeguarding of these funds, the banks charge a number of commissions, which also apply to the various services offered by modern banks to their customers in an increasingly competitive context: credit cards, overdraft possibility, phone bank, among others. However, given that the Bank can have savings of the depositor, it paid to the latter through the payment of interest.
We can distinguish several types of deposits.
First of all, deposits can materialize in the so-called current accounts: client gives the Bank certain quantities so it save them, having all of them at any time. Long ago, until acquiring a historical nature, this type of deposits were not paid, but increasing competition among banks has done that this trend has changed dramatically in all Western countries.
Secondly, banks offer savings accounts, which are also sight deposits, i.e. which can dispose of at any time. Deposits and withdrawals are carried out and are registered through a booklet of savings, which has financial document. The availability of this type of deposit is less than the accounts as are forced to resort to the Bank to dispose of the funds, while current accounts allow the provision of funds through the use of cheques and credit cards.
Thirdly we must mention the so-called accounts to fixed-term, in which there is a free disposal of funds, but that they recovered to the expiration date, in practice, is available in these funds before the fixed date, but with a penalty (the remuneration of the Fund is lower than if you wait for the expiration date).
Fourthly, there are the so-called certificates of deposit, financial instruments very similar to deposits or fixed-term accounts; the main difference is given by how it is documented. Certificates are made through a written document interchangeable, i.e. whose ownership is transferable.
Finally, among the different types of deposits, linked savings deposits are paid accounts banking operations of asset-related (is the case of a property account: deposited amounts should be used for a particular purpose, as it is the case of the acquisition of housing in our example).
Banks, with these deposited funds, granted loans and credits to other clients, charging for these operations (so-called active) other interest rates. These loans can be personal, mortgage or business. The difference between the charged interests and interest paid is the main source of income for banks.
Finally, the banks also offer currency exchange, allowing customers to buy currency units from other countries.
The banking system of Venezuela is characterized by being dominated by the private national banking for January 2007 covering 58.4% of the total assets of the market, while foreign banks was 30.4% and the rest was in the hands of the State (11.2%). With various changes after some mergers and liquidations of financial entities in Venezuela at the end of 2009, private banking abrogates 54.8% of the market share (April 2010); It is followed by the public or state banking 31,91%; and the Bank of foreign capital, 13,29%. There are 40 financial institutions; of these, 27 are commercial banks (commercial banking and banking Universal) and 13 others are devoted to specialized banking. The sector employs close to 79.110 people (2009) and employs more than 3,883 agencies or offices. The major banks for 2011 are Venezuela Bank Banesco, Banco Mercantil, BBVA Banco Provincial, bicentennial Bank Universal and the discount West Bank, among others.
National banks are banks that you can find anywhere within the United States. Major national banks are very large and offer an extensive number of services for the individual. There are many advantages in doing business with a National Bank. National banks offer every service you can think of basic savings to mortgages accounts. If there is a financial service you need, these banks can provide it for you. Banks use their size to the leverage of its costs, meaning that you can often find great interest rates or lower fees in these banks. National banks are also suitable, because they have many ATM locations across the country. If you travel a lot or live in a big city, a National Bank is a good choice due to its branching and ATM networks.
However, domestic banks are not for everyone. They are usually public companies; Since they have actions, they have shareholders who exijen see financial results in the form of dividends. As banks have to pay dividends, they have to make sure that it not comiten errors with loans, because the bad loans eating the benefits of the Bank. As a result, it may be difficult to get a loan or a mortgage in one of these banks compared with a Community Bank.
