ORGANIZACIÓN BANCARIA.
Es
una organización de carácter gremial venezolana fundada en el año 1959.
La misma fue fundada como Asociación Bancaria Nacional por un grupo de
empresarios del sector bancario a fin de proteger y promover los
intereses de los asociados, en 1972
esta organización cambia de nombre al actual. La ABV reúne algunos de
los bancos con presencia en Venezuela agrupándolos según su condición.
Dependiendo de cada banco es como se separan sus departamentos,
acontinuación un ejemplo de algunos de ellos.
GERENTE RR.HH. :
Funciones :
Funciones :
Dependiendo de cada banco es como se separan sus departamentos,
acontinuación un ejemplo de algunos de ellos.
GERENTE RR.HH. :
Funciones :
- Debe conocer las nuevas técnicas de la normativa laboral, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como de su aplicación práctica en el banco.
- Tareas de reclutamiento, selección, contratación, recepción y puesta a punto inicial de los trabajadores.
- Seleccionar y promocionar al personal, con la correspondiente adecuación de las personas a los puestos más adecuados.
- Función formativa. Debe preocuparse de que existan buenos programas de formación, a todos los niveles y para todos los puestos, y con el olfato suficiente para saber que quien trabaja en el banco debe tener la adecuada motivación, de la que se derivará un buen rendimiento laboral. Planificación, puesta en marcha y evaluación de las actividades formativas dirigidas personalmente a los trabajadores según su necesidad.
- Función distributiva. Retribución a los trabajadores. Planificación de la política de salarios, el sistema de evaluación de personas y puestos, la materialización del pago a las personas, liquidación de cargas fiscales,... y la negociación de las condiciones saláriales con los representantes de los trabajadores.
- Ser flexibles, pero a la vez duros, en las relaciones, que deben guardar equilibrio, tanto con la dirección y accionistas, como con los trabajadores, el comité de empresa y los sindicatos.
- Función sanitaria. Preocupación por la seguridad en el empleo. Mejorando la organización en el trabajo, redundará en un menor riesgo de enfermedad y accidente.
- Determinar la ubicación geográfica-funcional de los empleados.
- Determinar las necesidades de personal.
- Determinar las características para los puestos solicitados.
- Establecer sistemas de información sobre los empleados.
- Planificación y valoración de puestos de trabajo.
- Despidos, prejubilaciones.
- Asuntos disciplinarios graves.
Funciones :
- Elaborar Plan de Carrera.
- Evaluación del desempeño.
- Rediseño de puestos.
- Servicios a los empleados (préstamos en condiciones especiales.
- Asuntos disciplinarios leves.
- Formación de los empleados.
Funciones :
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Funciones :
- Selección del personal a contratar. Realización de pruebas de tipo psicológico y entrevistas.
- Elaboración del Plan de Acogida.
- Motivación, satisfacción del empleado.
- Control del estrés de la plantilla.
Funciones :
- Coordinación y dirección de los distintos departamentos de los Servicios Centrales.
- Establecer funciones y responsabilidades en dicho departamento.
- Controlar y normalizar el trabajo establecido en dicho departamento.
Funciones :
- Sugiere ideas para mejorar la atención al cliente.
- Se encarga de mejorar continuamente el servicio que se ofrece, de manera que se satisfagan las necesidades de los clientes.
- Realiza encuestas de satisfacción tanto a los clientes como a los empleados.
- Se encarga de gestionar las quejas y reclamaciones de los clientes.
- Establece controles para la evaluación de la Atención al Cliente.
- Crea programas y mecanismos que diferencian al banco de la competencia.
- Valorar la consecución de objetivos de cara al establecimiento de salarios.
- Formar al personal en un mejor trato y servicio al cliente.
- Atender las reclamaciones de los clientes.
Funciones :
- Análisis y supervisión de las operaciones de activo.
- Visto bueno y conformidad a dichas operaciones.
- Evaluación de los clientes privados (empresas y particulares) o públicos.
- Formación y consejo a los comerciales sobre las operaciones de activo más arriesgadas.
Funciones :
- Participa en la elaboración del presupuesto de ingresos y gastos, junto con la dirección.
- Realiza y aprueba el pago de honorarios, impuestos, mantenimiento, renta y demás gastos relacionados con la actividad del banco.
- Lleva la contabilidad financiera y se encarga de emitir la información correspondiente.
- Llevanza de la contabilidad
- Informa a presidencia sobre los resultados.
- Busca la contabilización de las operaciones de la forma más ventajosa fiscalmente para el banco.
Funciones :
- Elaborar sistemas operativos de operaciones bancarias.
- Establecer sistemas informáticos de valoración del riesgo.
- Crear bases de datos de clientes, tanto de los nuestros como de los de la competencia, y obtener información sobre ésta.
- Controlar electrónicamente los cajeros de la entidad.
Funciones :
- Realiza inspecciones físicas en la red para comprobar que se cumplen las normas.
- Vigilar la correcta formación de los asientos contables.
- Evita el posible fraude o estafas, tanto de clientes como de empleados.
- Evitar la entrada de dinero negro.
Funciones :
- Desarrollo de la política comercial.
- Participar en el diseño de nuevos productos.
- Fijar el desarrollo de las campañas de venta.
- Control y dirección de comerciales.
- Negociación de las posibilidades de pre-jubilación.
Funciones :
- Es el representante del banco en la zona.
- Asume las tutelas más importantes.
- Se ocupa de coordinar y motivar al personal de la oficina.
- Implementación calidad en el ámbito de oficina
- Recoger sugerencias e iniciativas, e informar a niveles superiores.
Funciones :
- Asesora a los clientes a la hora de realizar operaciones de inversión en bolsa, compra de fondos de inversión o planes de pensiones.
- Capta clientes para el banco, ofreciendo los productos, pagares, línea de crédito.
- Es el responsable de una cartera de clientes.
- Informar a los clientes de los productos disponibles.
- Asesoramiento en temas financieros y fiscales.
Funciones :
- Responsable del cuadre de la caja.
- Responsable de la caja.
- Control de los limites de efectivo en caja.
- Operaciones: Ingresos en cuenta, pagos, recepción de depósitos, pagos.
Funciones :
- Control operativo.
- Gestión y supervisión del personal.
- Control y gestión de recursos materiales.
- Atiende las reclamaciones, que son en su mayoría técnicas.
- Prevención de blanqueo y operaciones sensibles.
- Realiza un presupuesto de gastos.
Operaciones pasivas
Conformadas por aquellas operaciones por las que el banco capta, recibe o recolecta dinero de las personas.Las operaciones de captación de recursos, denominadas operaciones de carácter pasivo se materializan a través de los depósitos. Los depósitos bancarios pueden clasificarse en tres grandes categorías:
- Cuentas corrientes.
- Cuenta de ahorro o libreta de ahorros.
- Depósito a plazo fijo.
Los depósitos a plazo pueden ser movilizados antes del vencimiento del plazo, a cambio del pago de una comisión, que nunca puede ser superior en importe al montante de los intereses devengados.
Estos depósitos, dependiendo del tipo de cuenta, pagan unos intereses (intereses de captación).
Operaciones activas
La colocación permite poner dinero en circulación en la economía; es decir, los bancos generan nuevo dinero del dinero o los recursos que obtienen a través de la captación y, con estos, otorgan créditos a las personas, empresas u organizaciones que los soliciten. Por dar estos préstamos el banco cobra, dependiendo del tipo de préstamo, unas cantidades de dinero que se llaman intereses (intereses de colocación) y comisiones.Encaje bancario
De los fondos que los bancos captan es obligado mantener una parte líquida, como reserva para hacer frente a las posibles demandas de restitución de los clientes recibe el nombre de encaje bancario. Tienen un carácter improductivo, puesto que no pueden estar invertidos.El encaje es un porcentaje del total de los depósitos que reciben las instituciones financieras, el cual se debe conservar permanentemente, ya sea en efectivo en sus cajas o en sus cuentas en el banco central. El encaje tiene como fin garantizar el retorno del dinero a los ahorradores o clientes del banco en caso de que ellos lo soliciten o de que se le presenten problemas de liquidez a la institución financiera. De esta forma, se disminuye el riesgo de la pérdida del dinero de los ahorradores.
Otra parte de los recursos se destina a activos rentables. Dentro de estos activos rentables una primera parte se compone de los activos rentables en:
Préstamos y créditos
Clasificaciones de préstamos
Se pueden desarrollar múltiples clasificaciones acerca de los préstamos:- Por la naturaleza de los bienes prestados: De dinero (en el que nos centraremos en este tema), de cosas muebles fungibles y préstamo de títulos valores.
- Por la moneda objeto del préstamo: En moneda nacional o extranjera.
- Por el tipo de interés: A interés fijo y variable, prepagable o postpagables.
- Por el sistema de amortización, al final del préstamo, siguiendo un sistema francés, alemán, americano, etc.
- Por la existencia de garantías del cumplimiento de las obligaciones, pueden ser reales (prendas, hipotecas, depósitos, etc.) o personales (aval).
- Préstamo sindicado en los que los fondos entregados al prestatario proceden de una pluralidad de prestamistas (sindicato), si bien esta pluralidad no significa que haya varios prestamistas, desde el punto de vista jurídico es un único contrato.
- Préstamo participativo en el que el prestamista, con independencia del pacto de intereses, acuerda con el prestatario la participación en el beneficio neto que éste obtenga.
- Préstamo para operaciones bursátiles de contado, vinculado con una operación de compra o venta de valores.
Cuentas de crédito
Las cuentas de créditos que son operaciones por las que el Banco concede crédito al cliente (acreditado) por un cierto plazo, (puede establecer su prórroga automática) y hasta una suma determinada que pone a disposición del cliente. El cliente viene obligado a satisfacer al Banco una comisión de apertura, a reintegrar al Banco el saldo a su favor que arroje la cuenta de crédito al tiempo de la cancelación y liquidación de la misma y a pagar intereses por las cantidades dispuestas, y otra parte menor por las cantidades no dispuestas.El descuento de efectos
El descuento de efectos como vía de financiación a las empresas y que consiste en una operación por la cual un banco anticipa a una persona el importe de un crédito pecuniario que ésta tiene contra un tercero, con deducción de un interés o porcentaje y a cambio de la cesión de crédito mismo salvo buen fin.Cartera de valores
La segunda parte de los activos rentables está constituida por la cartera de valores donde se distingue renta fija por una parte tanto pública como privada y renta variable por otra.Cesiones temporales de activos
Un tercer tipo de operación efectuada por los banco serían las cesiones temporales de activos, constituyen una modalidad en la que las entidades de crédito ceden a un cliente una parte de un activo (por ejemplo, un crédito) de su propiedad, lo que les permite recuperar de un tercero una proporción de mismo a cambio de un rendimiento.En definitiva, el problema básico de un banco es conseguir la máxima rentabilidad, pero asegurando al mismo tiempo la liquidez suficiente y restringiendo al máximo el riesgo asegurando su solvencia. La solvencia, además, debe ser asegurada con unos recursos propios (capital y reservas) suficientes, que le permitan hacer frente a posibles situaciones de riesgo derivadas de la insolvencia de sus deudores.
Margen de intermediación
Sabiendo que los bancos pagan una cantidad de dinero a las personas u organizaciones que depositan sus recursos en el banco (intereses de captación) y que cobran dinero por dar préstamos a quienes los soliciten (intereses de colocación), cabe preguntarse de dónde obtiene un banco sus ganancias. La respuesta es que los tipos de interés de colocación, en la mayoría de los países, son más altos que los intereses de captación; de manera que los bancos cobran más por dar recursos que lo que pagan por captarlos. A la diferencia entre la tasa de interés de colocación y la de captación se le denomina margen de intermediación. Los bancos, por lo tanto, obtienen más ganancias cuanto más grande sea el margen de intermediación.- Tasa interés de colocación – tasa de interés de captación = margen de intermediación.
Prestación de servicios
- En la actualidad, el cambio en las necesidades de las empresas, familias e instituciones, ha reconducido la actividad bancaria orientándola a los servicios, que se convierten en su principal fuente de ingresos por la reducción de margen de intermediación, reducción más acusada cuanto más maduro es el sistema financiero de un país y cuanto más bajos son los tipos de interés. Los medios de pago (tarjetas, cheques, transferencias), garantizar el buen fin del comercio internacional entre las partes, asegurando la solvencia en importación-exportación, intermediación en mercados financieros y operaciones con grandes empresas e instituciones públicas, marcan el enfoque de la banca como empresas de servicios financieros universales. Mención aparte merecen las importantes participaciones empresariales de la gran banca, otra gran fuente de negocio y poder para estas instituciones, llegando a formar poderosos grupos multinacionales con intereses en las más diversas áreas.
- Dependiendo de las leyes de los países, los bancos pueden cumplir funciones adicionales a las antes mencionadas; por ejemplo negociar acciones, bonos del gobierno, monedas de otros países, etc. Cuando estas actividades las realiza un solo banco se denomina banca universal o banca múltiple. Igualmente, estas actividades pueden ser realizadas de manera separada por bancos especializados en una o más actividades en particular. Esto se denomina banca especializadas.
BANK ORGANIZATION.
Management and training manager
Functions:
Develop career Plan.
Evaluation of the performance.
Redesign of jobs.
Services employees (loans under special conditions.)
Minor disciplinary cases.
Training of employees.
DIRECTOR OF SELECTION:
Functions:
Selection of staff to hire. Realization of type interviews and psychological testing.
Development of the Hosting Plan.
Motivation, employee satisfaction.
Control of the stress of the template.
OPERATIONS MANAGER:
Functions:
Coordination and leadership of the various departments of the central services.
Establish roles and responsibilities in the Department.
Control and standardize the work set out in that Department.
QUALITY:
Functions:
It suggests ideas to improve customer service.
It undertakes to continuously improve the service offered, so that the needs of customers are met.
It carries out satisfaction surveys both customers and employees.
It is responsible for managing complaints and claims of customers.
It establishes controls for the evaluation of customer service.
Create programmes and mechanisms that differentiate Bank of competition.
Assess the achievement of objectives with a view to the establishment of wages.
Train staff in a better deal and customer service.
Dealing with customer complaints.
RISK MANAGER
Functions:
Analysis and monitoring of active operations.
Approval and conformity to such operations.
Evaluation of the clients (companies and individuals) private or public.
Training and advice to marketers on more risky asset operations.
MANAGER FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING:
Functions:
He participated in the drafting of the budget of income and expenditure, together with the address.
He makes and approves the payment of fees, taxes, maintenance, rent and other expenses related to the activity of the Bank.
It takes financial accounting and is responsible for issuing the relevant information.
Keeping of accounting
Presidency reported results.
Accounting for operations in the most advantageous way search for tax purposes for the Bank.
SSISTEMAS MANAGER:
Functions:
Develop operating systems of banking operations.
Establish systems of valuation risk.
Create databases of clients, both ours and those of the competition, and learn about it.
Electronically control the cashiers of the entity.
AUDIT MANAGER:
Functions:
Performs physical inspection on the network to verify that the rules are observed.
Monitor the correct formation of accounting entries.
Avoid possible fraud or scams, both customers and employees.
Prevent the entry of black money.
SALES MANAGER:
Functions:
Development of trade policy.
Participate in the design of new products.
Set the development of sales campaigns.
Control and direction of trade.
Negotiation of the possibilities of pre-jubilación.
Director:
Functions:
It is the representative of the Bank in the area.
It assumes the most important guardianships.
It deals with coordinate and motivate staff of the Office.
Implementing quality in the field of Office
Collect suggestions and initiatives, and report to higher levels.
(a) financial executives:
Functions:
It advises clients when it comes to investment operations in bag, purchase of investment funds or pension plans.
It captures the Bank clients, offering products, telegrams, line of credit.
It is responsible for a portfolio of clients.
Inform customers of the products available.
Advice on financial and tax issues.
(b) ATM:
Functions:
Responsible of the box the box.
Person in charge of the box.
Control of the limits of cash on hand.
Operations: Revenue account, payment, receipt of deposits, payments.
Operating:
Functions:
Operational control.
Management and supervision of staff.
Control and management of material resources.
It handles complaints, which are mostly technical.
Prevention of money laundering and sensitive operations.
Make a cost estimate.
TYPES OF BANKING OPERATIONS:
Passive operations
Shaped by those operations for which the Bank captures, receives or collects money from people.
Fundraising operations, denominated passive operations materialize through deposits. Bank deposits can be classified into three broad categories:
Current accounts.
Savings or savings book account.
Fixed term deposit.
Accounts, therefore, are fully liquid. The difference between the two is that current accounts can be mobilized through cheque and promissory note, while in the deposits it is necessary to perform the reinstatement in window or through the electronic cashiers, but neither the use of cheques or promissory notes is not possible. Another difference is that the deposits, the Bank may require notice.
Term deposits can be mobilised before the expiration of the term, on payment of a Commission, which can never be greater in amount to the amount of accrued interest.
These deposits, depending on the type of account, pay interest rates (interest of catchment).
Active operations
Placement allows to put money into circulation in the economy; i.e. banks generate new money of money or resources obtained through capture, and with these, granted credits to individuals, companies or organizations that request them. By giving these loans the bank charges, depending on the type of loan, amounts of money that are called commissions and interests (interests of placement).
Banking socket
Of funds that banks capture must maintain a fluid part as reserve to meet possible claims for restitution of the customers receives the name of banking socket. They are unproductive, given that they cannot be reversed.
The socket is a percentage of the total of deposits that are financial institutions, which must be preserved permanently, either in cash in their boxes or their accounts with the central bank. The socket is intended to ensure the return of the money savers or clients of the Bank in the event that they so request or that submitted problems of liquidity to the financial institution. Thus, lowers the risk of loss of money from savers.
Another part of the resources allocated to profitable assets. Within these cost-effective assets the first part consists of profitable assets in:
Loans and credits
Classifications of loans
Multiple classifications of loans can be developed:
By the nature of the provided property: money (which we will focus on this topic), things expendable furniture and securities loan values.
For the purpose of the loan currency: in national or foreign currency.
By the interest rate: interest fixed and variable, prepagable or postpagables.
The system of repayment at the end of the loan, following a French, German, American system, etc.
By the existence of guarantees of the fulfilment of obligations, they can be real (garments, mortgages, deposits, etc.) or personal (aval).
Syndicated loan in which the funds delivered to the borrower from a plurality of lenders (Trade Union), although this plurality does not mean that several lenders, there are from the legal point of view is a single contract.
Participatory loan that the lender, irrespective of the interests Pact, agrees with the borrower participation in net income that it obtains.
Trading cash loan, linked to a purchase or sale of securities operation.
Credit accounts
The accounts of credits, which are operations for which the Bank gives credit to the client (credited) for a certain period, (can set their automatic extension) and up a certain sum that puts at the disposal of the client. The client is obliged to satisfy the Bank a Commission of opening, to reinstate the bank balance in his favour to analyze the credit account at the time of cancellation and liquidation thereof and to pay interest for the prepared amounts, and reduced by the quantities not willing elsewhere.
The discount of effects
Discounting of effects as a way of financing companies and consists of an operation by which a bank anticipates a person the amount of a pecuniary claim which it has against a third party, with deduction of an interest or share in exchange for the assignment of same credit except good end.
Securities portfolio
The second part of the profitable assets consists of securities portfolio where stands fixed on the one hand, public and private income and equity on the other.
Temporary transfers of assets
A third type of operation by the Bank would be temporary transfers of assets, they constitute a modality in which credit institutions give a customer a part of an asset (e.g. a loan) of his property, which allows them to recover a proportion of same in exchange for a performance of a third party.
Ultimately, the basic problem of a bank is to achieve maximum profitability, but at the same time ensuring sufficient liquidity and restricting the maximum risk by ensuring their solvency. Solvency, must also be secured with own resources (capital and reserves) enough, be allowed to deal with possible situations of risk arising from the insolvency of their debtors.
Net interest income
Knowing that banks pay a sum of money to persons or place its resources at the Bank (interest of catchment) and organizations that charge money for giving loans to those who request them (interest placement), wondered where their profits obtained a bank. The answer is that the interest rates of placement, in the majority of countries, are higher than the interests of catchment; so the banks charge more for giving resources than what you pay for capturing them. The difference between the interest rate of placement and recruitment is called net interest income. Banks, therefore, profit more larger net interest income.
Placement - uptake rate interest rate = net interest income.
Banks act as intermediaries. Your business is trading with money as if it were any good or commodity.
Provision of services
Currently, the change in the needs of businesses, families and institutions, has reconducido banking guide services, who become their main source of income for the reduction of net interest income, the more mature most marked reduction is a country's financial system and as lower interest rates are. Means of payment (cards, cheques, transfers), ensure the successful conclusion of international trade between the parties, ensuring the solvency in import-export, intermediation in financial markets and operations with large companies and public institutions, marked the approach to banking as universal financial services companies. Special mention deserve the important corporate participations of the big banks, another great source of business and power for these institutions, becoming powerful multinational groups with interests in various areas.
Depending on the laws of the countries, banks can perform additional functions to those mentioned above; for example bargain stocks, government bonds, currencies of other countries, etc. When these activities make them one bank is called universal banking or full service banks. Also, these activities can be performed separately by banks specialized in one or more activities in particular. This is called specialized banking.
Independent of the types of banks, these allow the money to circulate in the economy, that money that some persons or organizations have available might happen to others who do not have and requesting. In this way facilitates the activities of these individuals and organizations and improves the performance of the economy in general.
It
is a Venezuelan Trade Union character organization founded in 1959. It
was founded as national banking association by a group of businessmen in
the banking sector in order to protect and promote the interests of the
partners, in 1972 this organization changes its name to the current
one. The ABV gathers some of the banks with a presence in Venezuela
grouping them according to their status.
Depending on each bank is as separate departments,
following an example of some of them.
MANAGER RR.HH. :
Functions:
You must know the new techniques of labour legislation, both from the theoretical point of view and its practical application in the Bank.
Tasks of recruiting, selection, recruitment, reception and nearing initial release of workers.
Selecting and promoting staff, with the corresponding adaptation of persons to the most appropriate posts.
Formative function. Worry that there are good training programmes, at all levels and for all posts, and with enough smell to find out who works at the Bank must have the proper motivation, that will result a good job performance. Planning, commissioning and evaluation of the training activities addressed personally to workers depending on your needs.
Distributive function. Remuneration to the workers. Planning of wage policy, the system of evaluation of people and jobs, the materialization of the payment to persons, liquidation of tax burdens,... and the negotiation of the conditions to wage them with representatives of the workers.
Be flexible, but at the same time hard, in relations, which should keep balance, both management and shareholders, and workers, the Committee of company and trade unions.
Health function. Concern for the security of employment. Improving the work organization, will result in a lower risk of disease and accident.
Determine the geográfica-funcional location of employees.
Determine staffing needs.
Determine the features for the posts requested.
Establish systems of information on employees.
Planning and evaluation of jobs.
Dismissals, early retirement.
Serious disciplinary matters.
Depending on each bank is as separate departments,
following an example of some of them.
MANAGER RR.HH. :
Functions:
You must know the new techniques of labour legislation, both from the theoretical point of view and its practical application in the Bank.
Tasks of recruiting, selection, recruitment, reception and nearing initial release of workers.
Selecting and promoting staff, with the corresponding adaptation of persons to the most appropriate posts.
Formative function. Worry that there are good training programmes, at all levels and for all posts, and with enough smell to find out who works at the Bank must have the proper motivation, that will result a good job performance. Planning, commissioning and evaluation of the training activities addressed personally to workers depending on your needs.
Distributive function. Remuneration to the workers. Planning of wage policy, the system of evaluation of people and jobs, the materialization of the payment to persons, liquidation of tax burdens,... and the negotiation of the conditions to wage them with representatives of the workers.
Be flexible, but at the same time hard, in relations, which should keep balance, both management and shareholders, and workers, the Committee of company and trade unions.
Health function. Concern for the security of employment. Improving the work organization, will result in a lower risk of disease and accident.
Determine the geográfica-funcional location of employees.
Determine staffing needs.
Determine the features for the posts requested.
Establish systems of information on employees.
Planning and evaluation of jobs.
Dismissals, early retirement.
Serious disciplinary matters.
Management and training manager
Functions:
Develop career Plan.
Evaluation of the performance.
Redesign of jobs.
Services employees (loans under special conditions.)
Minor disciplinary cases.
Training of employees.
DIRECTOR OF SELECTION:
Functions:
Selection of staff to hire. Realization of type interviews and psychological testing.
Development of the Hosting Plan.
Motivation, employee satisfaction.
Control of the stress of the template.
OPERATIONS MANAGER:
Functions:
Coordination and leadership of the various departments of the central services.
Establish roles and responsibilities in the Department.
Control and standardize the work set out in that Department.
QUALITY:
Functions:
It suggests ideas to improve customer service.
It undertakes to continuously improve the service offered, so that the needs of customers are met.
It carries out satisfaction surveys both customers and employees.
It is responsible for managing complaints and claims of customers.
It establishes controls for the evaluation of customer service.
Create programmes and mechanisms that differentiate Bank of competition.
Assess the achievement of objectives with a view to the establishment of wages.
Train staff in a better deal and customer service.
Dealing with customer complaints.
RISK MANAGER
Functions:
Analysis and monitoring of active operations.
Approval and conformity to such operations.
Evaluation of the clients (companies and individuals) private or public.
Training and advice to marketers on more risky asset operations.
MANAGER FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING:
Functions:
He participated in the drafting of the budget of income and expenditure, together with the address.
He makes and approves the payment of fees, taxes, maintenance, rent and other expenses related to the activity of the Bank.
It takes financial accounting and is responsible for issuing the relevant information.
Keeping of accounting
Presidency reported results.
Accounting for operations in the most advantageous way search for tax purposes for the Bank.
SSISTEMAS MANAGER:
Functions:
Develop operating systems of banking operations.
Establish systems of valuation risk.
Create databases of clients, both ours and those of the competition, and learn about it.
Electronically control the cashiers of the entity.
AUDIT MANAGER:
Functions:
Performs physical inspection on the network to verify that the rules are observed.
Monitor the correct formation of accounting entries.
Avoid possible fraud or scams, both customers and employees.
Prevent the entry of black money.
SALES MANAGER:
Functions:
Development of trade policy.
Participate in the design of new products.
Set the development of sales campaigns.
Control and direction of trade.
Negotiation of the possibilities of pre-jubilación.
Director:
Functions:
It is the representative of the Bank in the area.
It assumes the most important guardianships.
It deals with coordinate and motivate staff of the Office.
Implementing quality in the field of Office
Collect suggestions and initiatives, and report to higher levels.
(a) financial executives:
Functions:
It advises clients when it comes to investment operations in bag, purchase of investment funds or pension plans.
It captures the Bank clients, offering products, telegrams, line of credit.
It is responsible for a portfolio of clients.
Inform customers of the products available.
Advice on financial and tax issues.
(b) ATM:
Functions:
Responsible of the box the box.
Person in charge of the box.
Control of the limits of cash on hand.
Operations: Revenue account, payment, receipt of deposits, payments.
Operating:
Functions:
Operational control.
Management and supervision of staff.
Control and management of material resources.
It handles complaints, which are mostly technical.
Prevention of money laundering and sensitive operations.
Make a cost estimate.
TYPES OF BANKING OPERATIONS:
Passive operations
Shaped by those operations for which the Bank captures, receives or collects money from people.
Fundraising operations, denominated passive operations materialize through deposits. Bank deposits can be classified into three broad categories:
Current accounts.
Savings or savings book account.
Fixed term deposit.
Accounts, therefore, are fully liquid. The difference between the two is that current accounts can be mobilized through cheque and promissory note, while in the deposits it is necessary to perform the reinstatement in window or through the electronic cashiers, but neither the use of cheques or promissory notes is not possible. Another difference is that the deposits, the Bank may require notice.
Term deposits can be mobilised before the expiration of the term, on payment of a Commission, which can never be greater in amount to the amount of accrued interest.
These deposits, depending on the type of account, pay interest rates (interest of catchment).
Active operations
Placement allows to put money into circulation in the economy; i.e. banks generate new money of money or resources obtained through capture, and with these, granted credits to individuals, companies or organizations that request them. By giving these loans the bank charges, depending on the type of loan, amounts of money that are called commissions and interests (interests of placement).
Banking socket
Of funds that banks capture must maintain a fluid part as reserve to meet possible claims for restitution of the customers receives the name of banking socket. They are unproductive, given that they cannot be reversed.
The socket is a percentage of the total of deposits that are financial institutions, which must be preserved permanently, either in cash in their boxes or their accounts with the central bank. The socket is intended to ensure the return of the money savers or clients of the Bank in the event that they so request or that submitted problems of liquidity to the financial institution. Thus, lowers the risk of loss of money from savers.
Another part of the resources allocated to profitable assets. Within these cost-effective assets the first part consists of profitable assets in:
Loans and credits
Classifications of loans
Multiple classifications of loans can be developed:
By the nature of the provided property: money (which we will focus on this topic), things expendable furniture and securities loan values.
For the purpose of the loan currency: in national or foreign currency.
By the interest rate: interest fixed and variable, prepagable or postpagables.
The system of repayment at the end of the loan, following a French, German, American system, etc.
By the existence of guarantees of the fulfilment of obligations, they can be real (garments, mortgages, deposits, etc.) or personal (aval).
Syndicated loan in which the funds delivered to the borrower from a plurality of lenders (Trade Union), although this plurality does not mean that several lenders, there are from the legal point of view is a single contract.
Participatory loan that the lender, irrespective of the interests Pact, agrees with the borrower participation in net income that it obtains.
Trading cash loan, linked to a purchase or sale of securities operation.
Credit accounts
The accounts of credits, which are operations for which the Bank gives credit to the client (credited) for a certain period, (can set their automatic extension) and up a certain sum that puts at the disposal of the client. The client is obliged to satisfy the Bank a Commission of opening, to reinstate the bank balance in his favour to analyze the credit account at the time of cancellation and liquidation thereof and to pay interest for the prepared amounts, and reduced by the quantities not willing elsewhere.
The discount of effects
Discounting of effects as a way of financing companies and consists of an operation by which a bank anticipates a person the amount of a pecuniary claim which it has against a third party, with deduction of an interest or share in exchange for the assignment of same credit except good end.
Securities portfolio
The second part of the profitable assets consists of securities portfolio where stands fixed on the one hand, public and private income and equity on the other.
Temporary transfers of assets
A third type of operation by the Bank would be temporary transfers of assets, they constitute a modality in which credit institutions give a customer a part of an asset (e.g. a loan) of his property, which allows them to recover a proportion of same in exchange for a performance of a third party.
Ultimately, the basic problem of a bank is to achieve maximum profitability, but at the same time ensuring sufficient liquidity and restricting the maximum risk by ensuring their solvency. Solvency, must also be secured with own resources (capital and reserves) enough, be allowed to deal with possible situations of risk arising from the insolvency of their debtors.
Net interest income
Knowing that banks pay a sum of money to persons or place its resources at the Bank (interest of catchment) and organizations that charge money for giving loans to those who request them (interest placement), wondered where their profits obtained a bank. The answer is that the interest rates of placement, in the majority of countries, are higher than the interests of catchment; so the banks charge more for giving resources than what you pay for capturing them. The difference between the interest rate of placement and recruitment is called net interest income. Banks, therefore, profit more larger net interest income.
Placement - uptake rate interest rate = net interest income.
Banks act as intermediaries. Your business is trading with money as if it were any good or commodity.
Provision of services
Currently, the change in the needs of businesses, families and institutions, has reconducido banking guide services, who become their main source of income for the reduction of net interest income, the more mature most marked reduction is a country's financial system and as lower interest rates are. Means of payment (cards, cheques, transfers), ensure the successful conclusion of international trade between the parties, ensuring the solvency in import-export, intermediation in financial markets and operations with large companies and public institutions, marked the approach to banking as universal financial services companies. Special mention deserve the important corporate participations of the big banks, another great source of business and power for these institutions, becoming powerful multinational groups with interests in various areas.
Depending on the laws of the countries, banks can perform additional functions to those mentioned above; for example bargain stocks, government bonds, currencies of other countries, etc. When these activities make them one bank is called universal banking or full service banks. Also, these activities can be performed separately by banks specialized in one or more activities in particular. This is called specialized banking.
Independent of the types of banks, these allow the money to circulate in the economy, that money that some persons or organizations have available might happen to others who do not have and requesting. In this way facilitates the activities of these individuals and organizations and improves the performance of the economy in general.
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